Fluids and Electrolytes

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic, and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional manifestations would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?

The nurse reviews a client’s record and determines that the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit if which situation is documented?

The nurse reviews a client’s electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). Which patterns should the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply.

1. U waves
2. Absent P waves
3. Inverted T waves
4. Depressed ST segment
5. Widened QRS complex

Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with heart failure experiencing hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take to plan for preparation and administration of the potassium? Select all that apply.

1. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.
2. Monitor urine output during administration.
3. Prepare the medication for bolus administration.
4. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
5. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.
6. Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution.

The nurse is assessing a client with a lactose intolerance disorder for a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client?

The nurse is caring for a client with Crohn’s disease who has a calcium level of 8 mg/dL (2 mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram? Select all that apply.

1. U waves
2. Widened T wave
3. Prominent U wave
4. Prolonged QT interval
5. Prolonged ST segment

The nurse reviews the electrolyte results of a client with chronic kidney disease and notes that the potassium level is 5.7 mEq/L (5.7 mmol/L).Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the cardiac monitor as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply.

1. ST depression
2. Prominent U wave
3. Tall peaked T waves
4. Prolonged ST segment
5. Widened QRS complexes

Which client is at risk for the development of a sodium level at 130 mEq/L (130mmol/L)?

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia?

The nurse reviews a client’s laboratory report and notes that the client’s serum phosphorus (phosphate) level is 1.8 mg/dL (0.58 mmol/L). Which condition most likely caused this serum phosphorus level?

The nurse is reading a primary health care provider’s (PHCP’s) progress notes in the client’s record and reads that the PHCP has documented “insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily.” The nurse makes a notation that insensible fluid loss occurs through which type of excretion?

The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients’ medical records, the nurse determines that which client is most likely at risk for a fluid volume deficit?

The nurse caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous(IV) diuretics suspects that the client is experiencing a fluid volume deficit. Which assessment finding would the nurse note in a client with this condition?

On review of the clients’ medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for fluid volume excess?

Which client is at risk for the development of a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5mmol/L)?